2025 Dedh Nawnjek ha Dogens
In the last set of sentences I avoided choosing anything that involved “mutation”. This is where the sound of a consonant changes. Here are some typical mutations.
Some feminine nouns show a softened capital letter after the definite article, e.g. benyn > an venyn
Some secondary verbs show a hardened capital letter after the ow ...ing particle, e.g. donsya > ow tonsya
Some prepositions may cause the following noun to soften, e.g. treth > war dreth
(bos + subject noun):
Ma benyn.
There is a woman.
(bos + subject noun + location):
Ma benyn òbma.
There is a woman here.
A woman is here.
(bos + subject noun + location):
Ma’n venyn òbma.
The woman is here.
(bos + subject name + location):
Ma Gwenno òbma.
Gwenno is here.
(bos + subject pronoun + location):
Ma hei òbma. Yma hi omma.
She is here.
(bos + subject noun + preposition + location):
Ma benyn war dreth.
There is a woman on a beach.
A woman is on a beach.
(bos + subject noun + preposition + location):
Ma’n venyn war dreth.
The woman is on a beach.
(bos + subject name + preposition + location):
Ma Gwenno war dreth.
Gwenno is on a beach.
(bos + subject pronoun + preposition + location):
Ma hei war dreth. Yma hi war dreth.
She is on a beach.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity):
Ma benyn ow tonsya.
There is a woman dancing.
A woman is dancing.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity):
Ma’n venyn ow tonsya.
The woman is dancing.
(bos + subject name + particle + activity):
Ma Gwenno ow tonsya.
Gwenno is dancing.
(bos + subject pronoun + particle + activity):
Ma hei ow tonsya. Yma hi ow tonsya.
She is dancing.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity + location):
Ma benyn ow tonsya òbma.
There is a woman dancing here.
A woman is dancing here.
(bos + subject name + particle + activity + location):
Ma Gwenno ow tonsya òbma.
Gwenno is dancing here.
(bos + subject pronoun + particle + activity + location):
Ma hei ow tonsya òbma. Yma hi ow tonsya omma.
She is dancing here.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity + preposition + location):
Ma benyn ow tonsya war dreth.
There is a woman dancing on a beach.
A woman is dancing on a beach.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity + preposition + location):
Ma'n venyn ow tonsya war dreth.
The woman is dancing on a beach.
(bos + subject name + particle + activity + preposition + location):
Ma Gwenno ow tonsya war dreth.
Gwenno is dancing on a beach.
(bos + subject pronoun + particle + activity + preposition + location):
Ma hei ow tonsya war dreth. Yma hi ow tonsya war dreth.
She is dancing on a beach.
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