Let’s have a recap. See how sentences build up. The differences between forms of Cornish are not really significant.
Bos locative, 3rd person singular, ma (or ema, MC yma)
used with location (pronoun or with a preposition)
and/or secondary verb (with the ow ... ing particle).
Notice that, in the absence of definite articles, there may be more than one interpretation – though one sounds better than the other. Sometimes the meaning “There is” doesn’t sit so well with the ow ...ing particle.
(bos + subject noun):
Ma den.
There is a man.
(bos + subject noun + location):
Ma den ena.
There is a man there.
A man is there.
(bos + subject noun + location):
Ma’n den ena.
The man is there.
(bos + subject name + location):
Ma Arthor ena.
Arthur is there.
(bos + subject pronoun + location):
Ma va ena. Yma ev ena.
He is there.
(bos + subject noun + preposition + location):
Ma den en bal.
There is a man in a mine.
A man is in a mine.
(bos + subject noun + preposition + location):
Ma’n den en bal.
The man is in a mine.
(bos + subject name + preposition + location):
Ma Arthor en bal.
Arthur is in a mine.
(bos + subject pronoun + preposition + location):
Ma ev en bal. Yma ev yn bal.
He is in a mine.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity):
Ma den ow palas.
There is a man digging.
A man is digging.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity):
Ma’n den ow palas.
The man is digging.
(bos + subject name + particle + activity):
Ma Arthor ow palas.
Arthur is digging.
(bos + subject pronoun + particle + activity):
Ma va ow palas. Yma ev ow palas.
He is digging.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity + location):
Ma den ow palas ena.
There is a man digging there.
A man is digging there.
(bos + subject name + particle + activity + location):
Ma Arthor ow palas ena.
Arthur is digging there.
(bos + subject pronoun + particle + activity + location):
Ma va ow palas ena. Yma ev ow palas ena.
He is digging there.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity + preposition + location):
Ma den ow palas en bal.
There is a man digging in a mine.
A man is digging in a mine.
(bos + subject noun + particle + activity + preposition + location):
Ma'n den ow palas en bal.
The man is digging in a mine.
(bos + subject name + particle + activity + preposition + location):
Ma Arthor ow palas en bal.
Arthur is digging in a mine.
(bos + subject pronoun + particle + activity + preposition + location):
Ma va ow palas en bal. Yma ev ow palas yn bal.
He is digging in a mine.
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