We have looked at examples of the use of
the verb <boas>
(SWFM bos) to be, being in its
“locative” form, which is used with locations and actions (what some people
call the “long” form). Here is a summary, including the verbal particle (not
needed with a preposition), which is equivalent to adding “-ing” to the end of
English verbs. (Remember that in rapid speech the verbal particle is often left
out.):
thero
vy o …
therama
o …
theram
…
(SWFM yth esov vy ow
…)
|
I am …ing
|
thesta
o ... (singular familiar)
(SWFM yth esos ta ow
...)
|
you are … ing
thou art …ing
|
ma
va o …
(SWFM yma ev ow …)
|
he is …ing
|
ma
hei o …
(SWFM yma hi ow …)
|
she is …ing
|
thero
nei o …
(SWFM yth eson ni ow …)
|
we are …ing
|
thero whei o … (formal or plural)
(SWFM yth esowgh hwi ow
….)
|
you are …ing
|
môns
o …
ma
anjei o … (more emphatic)
(SWFM ymons i ow …)
|
they are …ing
|
Here are the question and negative forms:
ero
vy o …?
erama
o …?
eram
o …?
(SWFM esov vy ow …?)
|
am I … ing?
|
esta
o ...? (familiar singular)
(SWFM esos ta ow …?)
|
are you … ing?
art thou … ing?
|
üjy
va o …?
(SWFM usi ev ow …?)
|
is he … ing?
|
üjy
hei o …?
(SWFM usi hi ow …?)
|
is she … ing?
|
ero
nei o …?
(SWFM eson ni ow …?)
|
are we … ing?
|
ero
whei o …? (formal
or plural)
(SWFM esowgh hwi ow …?)
|
are you … ing?
|
üjens
o …?
üjy
anjei o …? (more emphatic)
(SWFM usens i ow …?)
|
are they … ing?
|
nag
ero vy o …
nag
erama o …
nag
eram o …
(SWFM nyns esov vy ow …)
|
I am not … ing
|
nag
esta o ... (familiar singular)
(SWFM nyns esos ta ow …)
|
you are not … ing
thou art not … ing
|
nag
üjy va o …
(SWFM nyns usi ev ow …)
|
he is not … ing
|
nag
üjy hei o …
(SWFM nyns usi hi ow …)
|
she is not … ing
|
nag
ero nei o …
(SWFM nyns eson ni ow …)
|
we are not … ing
|
nag
ero whei o … (formal or plural)
(SWFM nyns esowgh hwi ow …)
|
you are not … ing
|
nag
üjens o …
nag
üjy anjei o … (more emphatic)
(SWFM nyns usens i ow …)
|
they are not … ing
|
The <ma> and <üjy>
forms can also be used with singular or
plural nouns and with names instead of pronouns, e.g.:
Ma den o ...
|
A
man is …ing
|
Ma Jowan ha Peder o
...
|
John
and Peter are …ing
|
Üjy an flehes o …?
|
Are
the children …ing?
|
Nag üjy Jana o ...
|
Jane
is not …ing
|