2022 Day 59

2022 Dedh Nawnjek ha Dogens

De Lün, ethves warn ügens mis Whevrel

Monday, 28th February

My eth mes! En gwettha pres, na veu hedna lowender. An gewer o gleb, pur leb. My eth bys en Truru, dhe'n medhek dens. Ma dhebm dans marow. Ev a verwas ha lebmyn res ew ev dhe vos kemerys dhe ves. My eth bys en Redrudh ewedh. Thera dowr ow resek an strêt war nans. My a bernas glawlen nowydh. Lowen veuma dhe dhos tre. Eus foto teg en strêt gleb? Nag eus! Etho, gero nei mires orth descans nowydh.

I went out! Unfortunately, that was not a joy. The weather was wet, very wet. I went to Truro, to the dentist. I have a dead tooth. It died and now it must be taken out. I went to Redruth too. There was water running down the street. I bought a new umbrella. I was happy to come home. Is there a lovely photo in a wet street? No! So, let's look at a new lesson.

Building up our Cornish language. Part 8b

Cressya emann agan tavas Kernôwek. Radn 8b 

Here are some more examples of
noun and adjective combinations in sentences.

cath cat

cathes cats

medhal soft, cuddly, stuffed

Pandr'ew hedna? What's that?

Pandr'ew hebma? What's this?

Cath vedhal ew hei. It's a cuddly cat.

Hebma ew cath vedhal. This is a cuddly cat.

Hemm'ew cath vedhal.

tesen

tesednow

calish ~ cales

Da ew genam tesen galish gen bolla de. I like a biscuit with a cup of tea.

Nag ew da genam tesednow calish. I don't like biscuits.

coweth friend (m)

cowetha (pl)

cowethes friend (f)

cowethesow (pl)

caradow

Piw ew an re ma? Who are these?

Cowethesow caradow ens. They are dear friends.

Thens cowethesow caradow. They are dear friends.

Cowetha garadow ens. They are dear friends.

Thens cowetha garadow. They are dear friends.

Piw ew hebma? Who is this?

Coweth caradow ew ev. He's a dear friend.

Piw ew holma? Who is this?

Cowethes garadow ew hei. She's a dear friend.

prysk (coll. pl.)

prysken a shrub, bush

gwedh (coll. pl.)

gwedhen a tree (f)

kelyn (coll. pl.)

kelynen a holly tree

glas green

marow dead

Pandr'ew hedna? What is that?

Prysken varow ew hei. It's a dead bush.

Gwedhen las ew hei. It's a green tree.

Nebes kelyn ens. They are several holly trees.

Kelyn marow ens. They are dead holly trees.

Thew hei kelynen varow. It's a dead holly tree.

2022 Day 58

2022 Dedh Etek ha Dogens

De Sül, seythves warn ügens mis Whevrel

Sunday, 27th February

Gellys e kerdh ew radn a 'gan ostyjy. An re erel a vedn mos avorow. E vedh cres dhebm - terebo an nessa termyn! E vedh dhebm termyn dhe scrifa moy. En men termyn, otta neppeth ew scrifys genam solabres.

Some of our guests have gone away. The others will go tomorrow. I will have peace - until the next time! I will have time to write more. Meanwhile, here's something I have already written. 

Building up our Cornish language. Part 8a 

Cressya emann agan tavas Kernôwek. Radn 8a 

When we have mastered putting nouns and adjectives together
with  the correct mutations,
we need to put them into sentences. 

Remember that feminine singular nouns and
masculine human plural nouns mutate after the definite article.
These same nouns can mutate following adjectives.
Masculine singular nouns and feminine plurals
do not mutate or cause mutation.
The little word "a" meaning "of" causes a soft mutation
irrespective of whether gender or number.

What can we do with these words?

bos (infinitive) to be, (verbal noun) being 

bos bush (m)

bush bush (m)

brâs big 

bush brâs a mass, a crowd 

pobel people (pl)

tüs men, people (pl)

benyn woman (f)

benenes women (pl)

Piw ew an re na? Who are those? 

bush brâs a bobel a crowd of people 

bush brâs a düs a crowd of people/men 

Thens bush brâs a bobel. They are a crowd of people.

Thens bush brâs a düs goth. They are a crowd of old men.

Ens bush brâs a düs goth? Are they a crowd of old men?

Nag ens bush brâs a düs goth. They are not a crowd of old men.

Bush brâs a venenes coth ens. They are a crowd of old women. 

gwenen bees (also gwenyn) (pl)

gwenenen bee (f)

edhen a bird (f)

edhyn birds (pl)

gwels wild 

bush brâs a wenen a swarm of bees 

bush brâs a edhyn gwels a flock of wild birds 

gwenenen wels wild bee 

gwenen gwels wild bees

An re na ew bush brâs a wenen gwels. Those are a swarm of wild bees.

mog smoke 

bush brâs a vog a cloud of smoke 

Nag ew da genam bush brâs a vog. I don't like a cloud of smoke.

Cas ew genam mog. I hate smoke. 

bagas a group 

bian 

bagas bian a small group 

Bagas bian o nei. We're a small group. 

Tho nei bagas bian. We're a small group. 

Da ew genam bos en bagas bian. I like being in a small group.

Cas ew genam bos en bush brâs a bobel. I hate being in a crowd  of people. 

2022 Day 57

 2022 Dedh Seytek ha Dogens

De Sadorn, wheffes warn ügens mis Whevrel

Saturday, 26th February

Jorna hogstog o va! Eth esel an teylu a dheuth rag o fednbloodh, ha nei eth bys en Tavern Melinjy rag debry kidnyow. My a gemeras nebes fotos, saw lebmyn na ellama trouvya ow hamera! Etho, otta tabm moy descans et aga le.

It was a hectic day! Eight family members came for my birthday, and we went to Bolingey Inn to eat lunch. I took several photos, but now I can't find my camera! So, here's a bit more lesson instead of them.

Building up our Cornish language. Part 7b
Cressys emann agan tavas Kernowek. Radn 7b

Yesterday we looked at the feminine ending -es. Here is another feminine ending - that can be added to a collective plural to make a feminine singular, -en, e.g.

colom pigeons > colobmen

commol clouds > comolen

gwedh trees > gwedhen

gwenyn bees > gwenenen

gwibes mosquitos > gwibesen

kenis spiders > kenisen

kesten chestnuts (trees) > kestenen

reden ferns > redenen

However, not every word ending with -en is feminine e.g.

dehen cream

And not every -en feminine word has a collective plural, e.g.

tesen cake (plural tesednow)

2022 Day 56

 2022 Dedh Whetek ha Dogens

De Gwener, pempes warn ügens mis Whevrel

Friday, 25th February

Ma yeyn nowodhow dres oll an bes, e'n Ûcrayn dres ehen. Na vadna vy scrifa adro dhe strîf.

Et y le, otta tabm moy a dhescans.

There is bad news worldwide, in the Ukraine especially. I don't want to write about strife.

Instead, here's a bit more of a lesson.

Building up our Cornish language Part 7a

Cressya emann agan tavas Kernowek Radn 7a

Now that you know that feminine singular nouns can mutate and cause mutation of following adjectives, you need to know which nouns are feminine. 

So, how do we know what nouns are feminine? 
Obviously female people have feminine nouns.
Here are some masculine (gorow) singular nouns and their
corresponding feminine (benow) singular nouns (real or
fictitious)

Family teylû
Male: den man, maw boy

Female: benyn woman, môs ~ mowes girl
Male: gour husband, sira father, sire, 

          tas father, dad 

         (tasik daddy)

Female: gwreg wife, dama mother, dam,
          mabm mother, mum (SWFM mamm), 

         (mabmik mummy)
Male: mab son, (meppik little boy)

          ownter uncle, noy nephew

Female: mergh daughter, 

          modrep aunt, noyth niece (SWFM nith)

Grandparents and grandchildren don't appear to follow the
normal rules. 

gwydn white is used for grand and is lenited (shows soft mutation) except where the noun ends in -s.
This is because gwydn is treated as part of the noun even
when it is written separately.
(Following adjectives do follow normal rules.)
sira wydn grandfather, 
tas gwydn grandfather (-s inhibits mutation)
dama wydn grandmother, (henvam granny)
flogh wydn grandchild (either sex)
mab wydn grandson
mergh wydn granddaughter

Here is a feminine ending that can be added to a masculine
equivalent, -es (like English -less) e.g.
maw boy > mowes > môs
descador teacher > descadores
gwarier actor, player > gwariores
pystrier sorcerer > pystriores
cawr giant > cawres
corr dwarf > corres
mester master > mestres
metêrn king > metêrnes
pryns prince > prynses
arlòdh lord > arlòdhes
lew lion > lewes
tiger > tigres
However, not every feminine noun ending in - es has a
masculine equivalent, e.g.
qwilkiores wasp

2022 Day 55

2022 Dedh Pemdhek ha Dogens

De Yow, pajwora warn ügens mis Whevrel
Thursday, 24th February

Ergh a veu gwelys en Kernow rag termyn cott en Bosvena, Austol ha teleryow erel. Termyn cott? Martesen dew po trei münys. Na wrüga va dürya pell. Na veu ergh lowr rag gwil den ergh. My a welas keser obma po na wrüga vy gweles ergh.

Otta tabm moy a dhescans.

Snow has been seen in Cornwall for a short time in Bodmin, St Austell and other places. A short time? Perhaps two or three minutes. I did not last long. There was not enough snow to make a snowman. I saw hail here but I did not see snow.

Here's a bit more of a lesson.

Building up our Cornish language 6c

Cressya emann agan tavas Kernowek 6c

If we take the same adjectives that we used yesterday and combine them with feminine singular nouns you will  see mutation of the initial letter. 

b > v, c > g, d > dh, f > v, g > 0, gw > w, m > v, p > b, t > d

And also after the definite article,

the initial letter of the noun may mutate. 

berr > corden verr a short string > an gorden verr the short string

cabm > bôwnder gabm a crooked lane > an vôwnder gabm the crooked lane

coth > metêrnes goth an old queen > an vetêrnes goth the old queen

crev > benyn grev a strong woman > an venyn grev the strong woman

drog > gwreg dhrog a bad wife > an wreg dhrog the bad wife

für > henvam vür a wise granny > an henvam vür the wise granny

glas > gwedren las a green glass > an wedren las the green glass

gòcky > mos (mowes) wòcky a silly girl > an vos (vowes) wòcky the silly girl

gwydn > colom wydn a white dove > an golom wydn the white dove

melyn > peren velyn a yellow pear > an beren velyn the yellow pear

poder > turnypen boder a rotten turnip > an durnypen boder the rotten turnip

teg > gwenenen deg a beautiful bee > an wenenen deg the beautiful bee