Here are the verbs we
have used so far, in the three tenses we have used. (Some gaps are filled in
for the sake of completeness, though they are not all equally useful in real
life).
You may be able to
spot some patterns emerging, though some verbs are irregular. After the
continuous verbal particle (which you may
see as o, ow or owth) the initial letter
of some verbal
nouns (affected
ones shown in brackets) hardens (“provection”
in linguistic terms), e.g. b to p, d to t, and g to q (or k in SWFM).
SWFM
“main form” is only shown if it looks significantly
different.
In
the present-future and in the preterite (simple past tense), following the
relative verbal particle a, some of the same
initial letters soften, e.g. d to dh1. In the present-future the verb
is reduced to its stem and the preterite generally ends in as (apart, of course,
from the irregular verbs).
In
rapid Late Cornish speech the verbal particles are often dropped.
|
present continuous
(3rdperson)
|
present future
|
preterite
(simple
past tense)
|
|||
|
ma
… o toas (doas)
SWFM yma … ow tos
|
…is/are coming
|
a
dheu
|
come(s)
|
a
dheuth
|
came
|
|
ma
… o moas
SWFM yma … ow mos
|
…is/are going
|
â
|
go(es)
|
eth
|
went
|
|
ma
… o preujy (breujy)
SWFM yma … ow preusi
|
is/are judging
|
|
judge(s)
|
a
vreusas
|
judged
|
|
ma
… o càna
SWFM yma … ow kana
|
…is/are singing
|
a
gân
|
sing(s)
|
a
gànas
|
sang
|
|
ma
… o clanhe
SWFM yma … ow klanhe
|
…is/are cleaning
|
a
glan
|
clean(s)
|
a
lanhas
|
cleaned
|
|
ma
... o còsca
SWFM yma … ow koska
|
...is/are sleeping
|
a
gòsk
|
sleep(s)
|
a
gòscas
SWFM a goskas
|
slept
|
ma
… o tesky (desky)
SWFM yma … ow tyski
|
…is/are teaching
|
a
dhesk
SWFM
a dhysk
|
teach(es)
|
a
dheskas
SWFM
a dhyskas
|
taught
|
|
ma
… o tewis
(dewis)
SWFM yma … ow tewis
|
is/are choosing
|
a
dhewis
|
choose(s)
|
a
dhewisas
|
chose
|
|
ma
… o qwary
(gwary)
SWFM yma … ow kwari
|
…is/are playing
|
a
wary
SWFM
a wari
|
play(s)
|
a
warias
|
played
|
|
ma
… o pònya
SWFM yma … ow ponya
|
…is/are running
|
a
bònya
|
run(s)
|
a
bònyas
|
ran
|
|
ma
… o redya
SWFM yma … ow redya
|
…is/are reading
|
a
red
|
read(s)
|
a
redyas
|
read
|
|
ma
… o resek
SWFM yma … ow resek
|
…is/are running or racing
|
a
res
|
run(s)or race(s)
|
a
resas
|
ran or raced
|
[1] In all forms of
Cornish, <dh> is pronounced like a voiced <th> in English, as in
“this”, “that”, etc.
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