Tabm a Gernow 70 (damson trees)

Thera lies ploumen dhû a ûgh e'n wedhen ma, saw na aljama hedhes rag o bregh pell lowr rag cuntel anjei.

Thera lies ploumen e'mesk an gweljednow war an leur e'wedh, saw poder o anjei. Thera prevyon e'n brassa radn anodhans. Thera cosk war an plisk e'wedh.

Ottòbma gwedhen ploum aral, hanter codhys war an ke. Thera ploum lowr warnedhy ha me a's gontellas. Thera dhebm frût lowr rag gwil jorrik a jam.

Writing a Diary 17 (Q & A about your plans)

In a conversation someone may ask you what you are planning to do. Here are some possible compound future ways, using verbs gwil/gül and menna. The familiar form is used with family and close friends. The verbal particle <a> is frequently dropped in Late Cornish, especially in conversation:

“will you?”  is

<a wra[1] whei?> (formal)

or <a wra che?> (familiar)?

“will you?”  is

<a vedno’ whei [2]?> (formal)

or <a venta (che)?> (familiar)?

You may be asked a general question about the future.

You can use <pandra> or <peth> to mean “what”, e.g.:

Pandra wra whei gwil avorow?	What will you do tomorrow?
Pandra venta che gwil de Lün?	What will you do on Monday?
Peth vedno’ whei gül trenja?	What will you do the day after tomorrow?
Peth wra che gül nessa seythen?	What will you do next week?

You might answer, e.g.

Me a wra moas dhe’n shoppys avorow.	I will go to the shops tomorrow.
Me vedn moas dhe’n eglos trenja.	I will go to church the day after tomorrow.

You may be asked a more specific question about the future, e.g.:

Wra whei moas dhe’n shoppys avorow?	Will you go to the shops tomorrow?
A wra che moas dhe’n eglos de Sül?	Will you go to church on Sunday?

You can use Pandra  …? or Peth …? with any verbs that can take an object, e.g.

Pandra wra whei gweles avorow?	What are you going to see tomorrow?
Peth vedno’whei gwary de Sadorn?	What will you play on Saturday?

You can ask a specific question using any verb, e.g.:

Wra whei neyja en gwav?	Will you swim in the winter?
A vedno’ whei eva re hanath?	Will you drink too much tonight?

Here are some examples of negative answers:

Na wra vy nevra neyja en gwav.	I will never swim in the winter.
Na vadna vy eva re hanath.	I will not drink too much tonight.
Na wra vy moas dhe’n eglos na vella.	I will not go to church anymore.

---

[1]   silent <w> , RLC <ra>

[2]   RLC <veda whei>

Writing a Diary 16 (Q & A about what you did)

In a conversation someone may ask you what you did. Here are some possible ways, using the compound preterite, with verb gwil/gül to do. The verbal particle <a> is frequently dropped in Late Cornish, especially in conversation:

 “did you?” is

<a wrüga[1] whei?> (formal)

or <a wresta [2] (che [3])?> (familiar)

You may be asked a general question about the past, e.g.:

Pandra wrüga whei gwil de?	What did you do yesterday?
Pandra wresta gwil de Sül?	What did you do on Sunday?

In that case you may answer using the preterite or the compound preterite, e.g.

Me eth dhe’n shoppys de.	I went to the shops yesterday.
Me a wrüg moas dhe’n eglos de Sül.	I went (did go) to church on Sunday

You may be asked a more specific question about the past, e.g.:

Wrüga whei moas dhe’n shoppys de?	Did you go to the shops yesterday?
A wresta che moas dhe’n eglos de Sül?	Did you go to church on Sunday?

If you just want to give a short positive or negative answer, you can use:

Ea, gwrüg.	Yes, I did.
Na, na wrüg.	No, I didn’t.

You can use Pandra  …? with any verbs that can take an object, e.g.

Pandra wrüga whei gweles newher?	What did you see last night?
Pandra wresta gwary de Sadorn?	What did you play on Saturday?

 Again, your answer could be in the preterite or compound preterite, e.g.:

Me a welas gwary gen Alan Kent newher.	I saw a play by Alan Kent last night.
Me a wrüg gwary peldroos de Sadorn.	I played football on Saturday.

You can ask a specific question using any verb, e.g.:

Wrüga whei neyja en gwav?	Did you swim in the winter?
A wresta eva re hedhyw vettin?	Did you drink too much this morning?

 You might want to give a negative answer, e.g.:

Na wrüga vy byscath (besca) neyja en gwav	I didn’t ever swim in winter.
Na wrüga vy eva traveth hedhyw vettin.	I didn’t drink anything this morning.

---

[1] pronounced [reega]

[2]  can aso be <wrüsta>

[3] this is more emphatic

Tabm a Gernow 69 (harvest moon)

Avorrow (second dedh warn ügens a vis Gwedngala) a vedh an kehesnos kidnyavek. Dalla kidnyadh ew. Warlergh an tybyas, thew "kehesnos" (keheja dedh ha nos) wharvedhyans celestial; pres ma dhe bub poynt war an norves dewdhek our a wolow ha dewdhek our a dewlder. (Saw excepcyons ew Pedn Ahel an North ha Pedn Ahel an Soth. Mons o treylya dhort golow fast dhe dewlder fast, po tewlder dhe wolow, rag hanter bledhen.)
Pemp dedh gellys (mis Gwedngala, an whetegves dedh) thera loor leun henwys "loor drevas". Hedn'a veu an diwettha loor leun ken an kehesnos kidnyavek. Termyn ew dhe omlowenhe trevas: Gool (po Degol) Trevas.

Writing a Diary 15 (I intend to)

There is an alternative, compound, way of saying what we are going to do in the future. This uses, as an auxiliary verb, the simple present-future of the verb mednes wish, will, want, intend (initial <m> mutates to <v> after the verbal particle <a>)

I wish, will, want, intend is me a vedn (SWFM my a vynn)

We can say    Rag pednboodh vy me a vedn debry tesen. 

For my birthday I will eat cake.

For my birthday I wish to eat cake.

For my birthday I want to eat cake.

For my birthday I intend to eat cake.

Similarly:    

me  a vedn eva…	I will drink …
me a vedn kemeres…	I will take …
me a vedn receva…	I will receive …
me a vedn degemeres…	I will receive …
me a vedn fanja…	I will receive …
Òja pednbloodh vy me a vedn perna...	After my birthday I will buy…
Me a vedn spendya…	I will spend…

Here are some more verbs you might find useful:

me a vedn moas	I will go
me a vedn doas	I will come
me a vedn gòrtos	I will stay, I will wait
me a vedn rei	I will give
me a vedn drei	I will bring
me a vedn gwary	I will play
me a vedn gweles	I will see
me a vedn mires ort	I will watch        I will look at
me a vedn goslowes ort	I will listen to
me a vedn còska	I will sleep
me a vedn redya	I will read
me a vedn ponya	I will run
me a vedn kerdhes	I will walk

Tabm a Gernow 68 (Truro Victoria Square)

Otta Truru en hav. Dedhweyth ew. Blou ew an ebron. Thera vy en Plas Victoria ogas dhe'n savla buss (po savla kyttrin). Me ell gweles treven coth ha'n beneglos (po an eglos teg) gen trei tour minek. E'n cres an plas ma gwern vaner hir gen lies baner bian teg aga liw. Cregys ens war neujednow tredh an wern ha'n treven.

Otta an keth plas en gwav. Nosweyth ew ha dû ew an ebron. Na ellama gweles pedneglos. Nag eus baners bian war an wern vaner. Et aga le ma lies golow spladn bian, drefen boas Nadelek.

Writing a Diary 14 (I will do)

In a diary we note what we have done and also what we plan to do. We have learnt how to say what we did using the compound preterite, with the verb to do/to make as an auxiliary verb together with the verbal noun you wish to use. Now we are going to do a similar thing for the future, using the simple present/future tense of to do/to make.

The verb to do/make is gwil          I will do is me a wra

We can say   

Rag pednbloodh[1] vy me a wra debry tesen.

For my birthday I will eat cake. literally: I will do eating cake.

Similarly:         

Rag pednbloodh vy :

me a wra eva…	I will drink …
me a wra kemeres…	I will  take …
me a wra receva…	I will receive …
me a wra degemeres…	I will receive …
me a wra fanja…	I will receive …
Òja pednbloodh vy me a wra perna...	After my birthday I will buy …
Me a wra spendya…	I will spend …

Here are some more verbs you might find useful:

me a wra moas	I will go
me a wra doas	I will come
me a wra gòrtos	I will stay I will wait
me a wra rei	I will give
me a wra drei	I will bring
me a wra gwary	I will play
me a wra gweles	I will see
me a wra mires ort	I will watch I will look at
me a wra goslowes ort	I will listen to
me a wra còska	I will sleep
me a wra redya	I will read

---

[1] This may be written as one word or two words: pednbloodh or pedn bloodh. It can also mean anniversary (head/top/end of the year).